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Mezuzah
refers to one of the 613 commandments in Judaism, which requires
that a small parchment (klaf) inscribed with two sections from the
Torah's Book of Deuteronomy (6:4-9 and 11:13-21) be affixed to each
doorpost and gate in a Jewish home and business. Deuteronomy 6:4-9
and 11:13-21 are two of four passages used in Teffilin.
Thus the word mezuzah can refer to any of the following:
1. Simply a doorpost of a permanent door, gate, or arch.
2. The special parchment with the required Hebrew inscriptions.
3. The small case or box that typically covers the parchment. (The
parchment can be affixed directly to the door, though usually a
case is used in order to protect it. It is important to be aware,
though, that a case without a valid mezuzah scroll inside cannot
be used to fulfill this mitzvah.)
The wording on the mezuzah's parchment consists of the two Biblical
paragraphs which mention the mezuzah. These two paragraphs are also
part of the Shema Yisrael.
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